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Renaissance Transformations of Late Medieval Thought. The Northern RenaissanceSpread of Humanism.In the final quarter of the fifteenth century humanism's influence began to spread beyond Italy, into France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and England. Origins. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster, 1999. It began as Renaissance News in 1948 and assumed its current title in 1967. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983. A group of studies, including four on Lorenzo Valla, that continue Trinkauss emphasis on how humanists approached intellectual, moral, and theological issues by transforming medieval thought. Martines, Lauro. Christian Humanism | Encyclopedia.com Humanism and the Reformation History - Learn Religions Rummel 1985 assesses Erasmus as a humanist translator and editor of the classics, while Rummel 1986 and Rummel 1989 show Erasmus battling conservative theologians and scholars in the midst of the Reformation. Rotterdam Netherlands Died: July 12, 1536 Basel Switzerland (Anniversary in 5 days) Notable Works: Turin, Italy: Bollati Boringhieri, 1987. Platonic Theology. Vol. All articles are in Italian. Northern Renaissance and Mannerism - Introduction To Art George of Trebizond: A Biography and a Study of His Rhetoric and Logic. Although Luther scholars do not generally view the mature Luther as a humanist, they do see him using humanistic techniques; see Dost 2001. Therefore, when it comes to the question of the most valid means for acquiring knowledge of the world, Humanists reject arbitrary faith, authority, revelation, and altered states of consciousness. Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. A psychological portrait stressing Calvins humanist tendencies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 20012008. Petrarch strongly criticized medieval approaches and values, proposed ancient texts as sources of wisdom and models of style, and anticipated humanist pronouncements about the dignity of man. The Works and Days of John Fisher: An Introduction to the Position of St. John Fisher (14691535), Bishop of Rochester, in the English Renaissance and the Reformation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Augustijn, Cornelis. DAmico, John F. Renaissance Humanism in Papal Rome: Humanists and Churchmen on the Eve of the Reformation. Early attempt to assess Vallas contribution to humanism; emphasizes his philology and historical sensibilities. The German Humanists and the Beginnings of the Reformation. In Imperial Cities and the Reformation: Three Essays. Thirteen articles by experts on biblical humanism across Europe. 28, The Ciceronian: A Dialogue on the Ideal Latin Style. This work provides a summary of his life and translates selections from his most important writings. Fascinating combination of biography and historiography. First published 19051914. Translated by Brian Duvick. McGinness, Frederick J. Renaissance Humanism: Foundations, Forms, and Legacy. What is new humanism? | Homework.Study.com See full answer below. Raimondi, Ezio. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Florence: Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento, 1965. Short introduction to Petrarch and his works; emphasizes his life and poetry more than his philosophy. AP Euro - 1.3 Northern Renaissance | Fiveable Traces Erasmuss development as a New Testament scholar in the midst of controversy. People who believe in humanism and the humanities. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2007. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Valla, Lorenzo. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1989. Bouwsma, William J. John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait. Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Translated by A. Kent Hieatt and Maristella Lorch. In Florence, major humanists filled the chancellorship, a high civil-service position; chancellors were both intellectual leaders and politically involved. Emphasizes Accoltis role as a humanist historian of the Italian Middle Ages, as well as his reforms as chancellor. Leiden, The Netherlands, and New York: Brill, 1988. 2 vols. Hay 1952 studies a pioneering humanist. Florence: Felice le Monnier, 1937. Northern Humanism. London: Dent, 1984. Spitz, Lewis W. Conrad Celtis, the German Arch-Humanist. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Douglas, Richard M. Jacopo Sadoleto, 14771547: Humanist and Reformer. 1374d. Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts. Austin Cline Updated on December 24, 2018 It is a historical irony that the Reformation created a political and religious culture in northern Europe that was especially hostile to the spirit of free inquiry and scholarship that characterized Humanism. Has twelve studies of Venetian and female humanists of the 15th century. 1 deals with the foundations of humanism and humanism in Italy; Vol. The Renaissance as a unified historical period ended with the fall of Rome in 1527. The Northern humanists applied the techniques of text criticism developed by the Italians for the study of the largely pagan Latin and Greek classics to what they called the Christian classicsthe earliest manuscripts of the Bible and the works of the Church fathers. The starting point for study of Venetian humanism. Allen, Michael J. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1982. The Profession of the Religious and the Principal Arguments from the Falsely-Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine. Kristeller 1965 and Kristeller 1979 offer synoptic treatments of his understanding of humanism, while Kristeller 19561996 provides many concrete examples of his scholarship on particular topics. Voigt 1960 is the most recent printing, while Grendler 2006 describes Voigts scholarly approach and explains his importance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963. Uncovers hundreds of humanist funeral orations and shows how they followed classical norms and promoted secular and religious ethical values. Moeller 1982 offers a comprehensive answer. Major survey of the themes of Venetian humanism in the 15th century, with extensive bio-bibliographical information about ninety-two leading Venetian humanists. Ciceronian Controversies. In Praise of Aeneas: Virgil and Epideictic Rhetoric in the Early Italian Renaissance. The pope was an elected monarch who, with the aid of the Roman Curia, governed both an international church and the Papal States in central Italy. 1505) used new humanistic techniques. Large and wide-ranging study. Why 17 States Will Catch a Glimpse of the Northern Lights This Week DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511522703Save Citation Export Citation Offers detailed investigations of the humanist Giovanni Caldiera and several female humanists. Hence, beginning with Petrarch in the 14th century, Italiansand, later, northern Europeanssearched for manuscripts of ancient works. As the movement migrated north into places such as . There were also other national and localized movements, each with different . A special issue of Res Publica Litterarum with seventeen studies in Italian, English, French, and German on Perotti (b. A chronological account of Erasmuss many battles with conservative Catholic theologians who opposed his humanist approach to religious texts. Renaissance Quarterly is the leading journal in the field. 1429d. 1515/16d. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Surtz, Edward. Kohl 1985 is a good English-only bibliography, while Iter: Gateway to the Middle Ages & Renaissance is a comprehensive electronic bibliography that is particularly strong in recent works. What was the main goal of humanism? | Homework.Study.com Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius, 14441485: Proceedings of the International Conference at the University of Groningen, 2830 October 1985. Spitz, Lewis W. Luther and German Humanism. Oxford: Clarendon, 1952. Also available online. The Renaissance created a renewed interest in these works as well as in the study of philosophy, art, and the sciences. 1540), a French humanist known for his studies of ancient law, coins, and Christianity. Chapter 2, pp. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. Translated and introduced by Gordon Griffiths, James Hankins, and David Thompson. Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Helps explain why many German humanists supported Luther. Vol. Hans Baron (b. Humanism - Realism, Politics, Philosophy | Britannica 1499) was a humanist or a philosopher, but most agree that he was the most important Platonist of the Renaissance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 19631997. Studies the biblical humanism of Erasmus, Thomas More, William Tyndale, and Tommaso de Vio Cajetan, and conservative reactions to them. 2 vols. He is known as the 'Father of Christian Humanism'. Explains the operation of the Curia. A collection of articles arguing for strong Italian influence on German humanism, delineating the characteristics of German humanism, and assessing the importance of humanism in the German Reformation. Valla, Lorenzo. Share Citation . The Prefatory Epistles of Jacques Lefvre dtaples and Related Texts. Beroaldo, Filippo, the Elder. Watts, Pauline Moffitt. Bentley 1983 looks at three key developments, while the articles in Rummel 2008 chronicle some of the bitter fights between humanists and Scholastics. Poggio Bracciolini (b.c.1380d. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola e la problematica dottrinale del suo tempo. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965. Introduction, Latin text, and English translation of a humanist treatise on the papal Curia, written in 1438. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969. In nearly a thousand pages, and analyzing a vast array of manuscript and printed primary sources, Trinkaus studies the religious writings of Italian humanists from Petrarch through Giovanni Pico. Contemporary humanist organizations work under the umbrella of Humanists International. the subjects of grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979. Continues the study of sacred oratory in Rome in the late 16th century, as preachers blended spirituality, humanistic rhetorical style, and the symbolic value of Rome. DOI: 10.1515/9781400879052Save Citation Export Citation On the Dignity of Man, On Being and the One, and Heptaplus. Seigel 1968 and Hankins 2000 are critical; Witt, et al. Nauert 2006 is brief but has the advantage of presenting a single viewpoint, while Rabil 1988 is large and has many authors. Garin, Eugenio. Edited by Eugenio Garin. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill, 2006. Study of Accolti (b. Comprehensive study that surveys all of Picos works in a balanced way. 1437) chronicling his successes and failures. 1374) and his first followers knew and loved the classics but were literary men devoted to study and the contemplative life. Classic biography that emphasized Erasmus as humanist, scholar, and religious reformer who steered a middle road between Catholic and Protestant. Bracciolini, Poggius. Edited and translated by H.C. Erik Midelfort and Mark U. Edwards Jr. Durham, NC: Labyrinth, 1982. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967. Lorenzo Valla: Filosofia e religione nellumanesimo italiano. 1891), who in 1859 published a large monograph on Italian Renaissance humanism that described the origins of humanism and defined the terms of research for nearly a century. Argues for the influence of Augustine, Quintilian, Plato, and Plotinus, while seeing the humanists as turning away from Aristotle to some extent. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. Lists and describes the manuscripts and printed works of Latin editions of ancient Latin and Greek authors up to the year 1600. Humanists elsewhere in Europe followed their lead and added their own insights, especially after the invention of printing accelerated the diffusion of ideas. Studies three generations of German humanists, from Rudolf Agricola through Erasmus and Luther. Available in paperback. 1444), the chancellor of Florence, joined their classical scholarship to a defense of liberty. Under the influence and inspiration of the classics, humanists developed a new rhetoric and new learning. Erasmus and His Catholic Critics. It offers balanced assessments without emphasizing one particular interpretive theme. DOI: 10.1353/jhi.1996.0003Save Citation Export Citation Trinkaus, Charles. Bietenholz, Peter G., and Thomas B. Deutscher. Edited by Lawrence V. Ryan. Celenza, Christopher S. Renaissance Humanism and the Papal Curia: Lapo da Castiglionchio the Youngers De curiae commodis. 2 vols. Garins scholarship on humanism has had enormous influence on Italian and European scholars, but less on North American scholars. English translation originally published in 1972. English translation of several essays published in Italian in the 1960s. Kristeller Reconsidered: Essays on His Life and Scholarship. 66 vols. English translation of Die deutschen Humanisten und die Anfnge der Reformation (1959). This work analyzes expressions of personal emotions at the death of a child and the humanistic literature of consolation in the Venetian political context. 1464), a Florentine chancellor and humanist. Across 17 states on Wednesday and Thursday, you may be able to look up and see the Northern Lights thanks to an incoming burst of solar wind created by stormy weather on the sun's surface. Short biographies of over 1,900 Renaissance and Reformation figures mentioned in the works of Erasmus; particularly useful for northern Europe. Aldershot, UK, and Brookfield, VT: Ashgate/Variorum, 1999. Gaeta, Franco. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968. The newest interpretation of the origins of humanism is found in Witt 2000, a large study whose interpretation is based on analysis of the Latin style of many Italian scholars between about 1260 and the 1420s. Share Citation . The works in this section offer a sampling of studies on individual Italian humanists. Study of the humanist historian Giovio (b. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. Thirty-two articles, the majority in Italian, on Pico and his influence, by Garin, Kristeller, and others. 1406), a Florentine chancellor, transitional figure, and the intellectual leader of his generation of Florentine humanists. Published by the Renaissance Society of America. Humanistic and Political Literature in Florence and Venice at the Beginning of the Quattrocentro: Studies in Criticism and Chronology. Some articles are conceptually broad; others present detailed research based on manuscript sources. An introduction to Melanchthon as humanist, with an extensive German bibliography. Thomas More (b. Spitz, Lewis W. The Religious Renaissance of the German Humanists. [relevant? Includes elegant translations of some of Petrarchs poetry. Important study detailing the growth of humanist influence at the English court and the links between humanism and the English Reformation. After an introduction about the Renaissance and humanism, it provides succinct summaries of key figures and themes, organized around the reigns of French kings. Many reprints and paperback editions. Inexpensive paperback edition of English translations of Vallas attack on the religious life and key parts of his attack on the Donation of Constantine. Charts the schools of eclectic, Ciceronian, and archaistic Latinity in the Italian Renaissance. 1536), an influential French biblical humanist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. Humanism became a significant intellectual force in England during the reign of Henry VIII (b. Rabil, Albert, Jr., ed. Although there is no comprehensive study of Valla in English, a special section in an issue of the Journal of the History of Ideas, Connell, et al. Argues that humanist biblical scholars produced a thorough reorientation of Western scholarship on the New Testament by insisting that it be based on the original Greek text. Humanism was the major intellectual movement of the Renaissance. 1457) was an immensely important mid-15th-century humanist known for his iconoclastic views about medieval learning, rhetoric, dialectic, history, papal political claims, and his pioneering scholarship on the text of the New Testament. Binghamton, NY: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1987. Humanistic Historiography under the Sforzas: Politics and Propaganda in Fifteenth-Century Milan. 1497d. McConica 1965 and Mayer 1989 describe the growing influence of humanists at the court and the roles that they played in Henry VIIIs religious policies, while Gleason 1989 describes a nonhumanist who founded a humanist school, and Surtz 1967 studies a humanist churchman who opposed Henry VIII and was beheaded. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Hence, the history of English humanism is bound up with the Tudor monarchy and Henrys religious policies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. 15 vols. Like Ascham 1967, the book was often reprinted. Studies the writing of humanistic historiography that praised the Sforza dukes of Milan. Sculpture and architecture for long years sunk to the merest travesty of art and are only today in the process of rescue from obscurity; only now are they being brought to a new pitch of perfection by men of genius and erudition. Humanism in Rome differed from Florentine humanism. Di Napoli, Giovanni. In January the country's National Meteorological Centre confirmed the previous record of -52.3C, set in 1969, had been beaten in Mohe, northern China. Share Citation . Garin, Eugenio. Petrarch (b. Love is a major theme. 1519), a churchman and preacher who founded an important humanist school, although Colet himself was only partly influenced by humanism. All volumes have extensive historical introductions that provide much information about England and English humanism. Rummel, Erika, ed. Previous scholarship held that humanism was a secular philosophy that excluded religion. Sabbadini, Remigio. Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum: Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin Translations and Commentaries; Annotated Lists and Guides. Does not take strong interpretive stances. 1463d. The Northern Humanists inspired many people to become more strident in their demands for reforms and the end of abuses such as simony and clerical immorality. 1444) was a pioneer in applying classical techniques to Latin oratory in the Renaissance. English translation of Scienza e vita civile nel Rinascimento italiano (1965) plus two other essays from 1966. Bataillon, Marcel. Erasmus Most famous humanists in Northern Europe. Demonstrates how humanists used orations at marriage ceremonies as an opportunity to exalt the value of marriage as a secular value. Chapter 4, pp. Reuchlin, Johannes A textbook convention, heavily armoured against truth by constant reiteration, states that northern humanismi.e., humanism outside Italywas essentially Christian in spirit and purpose, in contrast to the essentially secular nature of Italian humanism. DOI: 10.3138/9781442674578Save Citation Export Citation Benedetto Accolti and the Florentine Renaissance. New York: Garland, 1992. Murphy, James J., ed. The first humanist to achieve international renown was Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), and his interests and ideas shaped the humanist movement for several generations. Epistolario di Guarino Veronese. Scott, Izora. Argues that Barons own personal crisis (namely, his forced move from Germany to America) transformed his understanding of the connections between politics and ideas and enabled him to see how civic humanism was formed in the crucible of the desperate Florentine political and military struggle against Milan in 1402. Bruni, Leonardo. Edited by Hans J. Hillerbrand, 264272. Publishes in several languages. 1426d. Essays on the interpretation of the Renaissance, the ideal city, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei and the scientific culture of the Renaissance, and magic and astrology. English translation of Lo zodiaco della vita (1976). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. Witt, Ronald G. Hercules at the Crossroads: The Life, Works, and Thought of Coluccio Salutati. A comprehensive but not particularly sympathetic biography of More that notes his harsh attitude toward heretics. Garin, Eugenio. Giovanni Pico (b. Share Citation . Humanism then became the dominant intellectual movement in Europe in the 16th century. Garin 1937 and Kristeller 1964 are good starting points, while Di Napoli 1965 and Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento 1965 introduce the reader to the many facets of Picos thought. Humanism may be dated from the invention of the printing press about 1450. Sees Scala, who was chancellor from 1465 to 1497, as combining his humanism with a focus on the centralization of political authority in Florence. Weiss 1996 is a good introduction to northern European humanism. Miguel de Cervantes Considered one of the greatest Spanish writers, this author was critical of idealistic chivalry. 7 vols. Ford, et al. Stone, Donald, Jr. France in the Sixteenth Century: A Medieval Society Transformed. Edited by Michael Mooney. Humanistic studies generated a greater emphasis on man, a tendency toward concrete self expression, a fundamental classicism, and efforts to revive or restate the philosophical and other views of ancient writers by those who studied the humanities. On Pleasure: De voluptate. The strains between Christian faith and classical humanism led to Mannerism in the latter part of the 16th century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Demonstrates how the Florentine humanists brought a new humanistic perspective to the writing of history. Die Wiederbelebung des classischen Alterthums: Oder, das erste Jahrhundert des Humanismus. Broad study analyzing how Italian humanists used ancient philosophical sources to develop a more secular literature of consolation, with psychological insights, rather than that of Scholastic Christian theology. Neapolitan humanism revolved around the court and articulated princely values to some extent. Godman, Peter. Desiderius Erasmus. How did the Renaissance influence the Reformation New York: Scribners, 1999. The leading journal in the field, with articles and reviews in all disciplines involving the Renaissance. The fifteenth century: van Eyck In the fifteenth century, northern artists such as Jan van Eyck introduced powerful and influential changes, such as the perfection of oil paint and almost impossible representation of minute detail, practices that clearly distinguish Northern art from Italian art as well as art from the preceding centuries. Scholars disagree on whether Marsilio Ficino (b. Hankins, James. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957. The best way to understand Erasmus is to read his highly accessible works, which Collected Works of Erasmus (Erasmus 1974) makes possible for readers lacking knowledge of Latin. The articles in Murphy 1983 sample the rich field of scholarship on humanistic rhetoric across Europe. Annotationes centum. Northern European Renaissance Art - Study.com 1401d. Notes Italian influences, religious themes, and reformist tendencies. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674280922Save Citation Export Citation A good starting point for advanced students and scholars lacking knowledge in particular fields of study. 1453d. Reprints brief Latin philological studies of classical texts in which Beroaldo (b. Social sciences What is new humanism? Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978. This was a way of integrating contemporaneous religion and classical culture. Erasmus Annotations on the New Testament: From Philologist to Theologian. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226436272.001.0001Save Citation Export Citation Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci created detailed scientific "studies" of objects ranging from flying machines to submarines. London: Warburg Institute, 19631997. Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento. Mayer, Thomas F. Thomas Starkey and the Commonweal: Humanist Politics and Religion in the Reign of Henry VIII. Provides reliable facing Latin texts and English translations of important works of Italian humanists. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674063266Save Citation Export Citation If the humanists were to re-create and imitate ancient Greek and Latin learning, they had to find and transcribe the works of ancient authors. Humanism - Renaissance and Reformation - Oxford Bibliographies When an eight-year-old boy, the son of a prominent Venetian patrician, died in 1460, humanists responded with an outpouring of consoling letters, orations, treatises, and poems. Translated by Virginia Conant. First published in German in 1986. Studies the social, political, and economic situations of forty-five Florentines strongly committed to humanism. Edited by Remigio Sabbadini, Turin, Italy: Bottega dErasmo, 1967. 2d ed. Baron, Hans. Collected Works of Erasmus. 1996 and Molho 2008 are interested in how he arrived at his conclusions and are more appreciative. Renaissance Humanism - An Exploration of Humanism in the Renaissance Pade 2007 is a superb study of the diffusion and influence of a major ancient work, while Kallendorf 1989 studies how humanists used Virgil. Wilson, N.G. From Byzantium to Italy: Greek Studies in the Italian Renaissance. 1509d. It emphasizes the importance of the example of ancient Rome. Comprehensive study of all the historical works of the most influential humanist historian of the 15th century. Vergerio, Pier Paolo. DOI: 10.1515/9781400878826Save Citation Export Citation Study, not yet superseded, of the life and works of a cardinal and humanist. Because it covers all fields, only a small number deal with humanism.